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John McKee wrote:
When I log onto the sftp site WITHOUT an entry in .ssh/known_hosts, I
AM required to enter a password. The key pair has to be there for
sftp to do the encryption.

Scott Klement wrote:
The key pair is not required for encryption. All the key pair does is provide a means of proving your identity.

Just in case someone else is confused about this, I had always thought that the keypairs were used for authentication, but _also_ to agree upon a session key which would then be a shared secret for encrypting the rest of the communication.

As it turns out, SSH uses the Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange algorithm[1] to agree on a session key. DH allows two parties to securely exchange a secret over an insecure channel.

[1] http://www.freesoft.org/CIE/Topics/145.htm

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