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Visit the IBM i InfoCenter, in the "Search:" enter the two tokens:
transaction scoped

The Lack Space (*LCKSPC) object is an implementation object for X/OPEN CAE or XA specification.
_XA transaction support for commitment control_
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/iseries/v5r4/topic/rzakj/rzakjxatransaction.htm
"DB2 Universal Database™ (UDB) for iSeries™ can participate in X/Open global transactions. ..."

Effectively the *LCKSPC is used for commitment control [xa_commit(), xa_rollback()] whereby allocations across different jobs can be tracked; i.e. multiple jobs participating in the same unit of work.
_Scope for a commitment definition_
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/iseries/v5r4/topic/rzakj/rzakjscope.htm
" ...
Commitment definitions with transaction-scoped locks

* Transaction-scoped commitment definition

Commitment definitions with job-scoped locks can be used only by programs that run in the job that started the commitment definitions. In comparison, more than one job can use commitment definitions with transaction-scoped locks.
...
"

Typically the OS would create the Lock Space object to deal with [start\enable] requests to use XA; distributed processing. The database has the capability to establish that via some 'client' requests; JDBC, ODBC, SQLCLI

I believe the Lock Space is created for the request to "Open an XA Resource Manager" with the xa_open() API.
xa_open()--Open an XA Resource Manager (Transaction Scoped Locks)
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/iseries/v5r4/topic/apis/dxatlopn.htm
" Syntax
#include <xa.h>
int xa_switch.xa_open_entry(char *xa_info,
int rmid, long flags);
Default Public Authority: *USE
Service Program: QTNXADTP
Threadsafe: Yes

A transaction manager calls xa_open() to open the XA resource manager and to prepare it for use in the XA distributed transaction environment. This function must be called before any other resource manager (xa_) calls are made.
...
"

When an object or record is identified as being allocated to a Lock Space, the Lock Space Identifier would be returned, which is then used as input to another API specific to the Lock Space. For example, the Retrieve Job Locks (QWCRJBLK) API:
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/iseries/v5r4/topic/apis/qwcrjblk.htm


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